Transactions and Trade with Non-Muslims in the Perspective of Prophetic Teachings

Abstract

Islam is not merely a religion but a comprehensive code of life encompassing various aspects, including economic activities. Within the framework of Islamic principles, making money through trading is permissible. The permissibility extends to trade between Muslims and non-Muslims, although Islamic Shariah, particularly in hadith sciences, distinguishes certain religious aspects between them. These distinctions, particularly concerning matters of money and control, have direct implications for business transactions.This paper delves into the historical context, referencing key Islamic events such as the Medina Pact, contracts with Christians, agreements with the people of Najran, letters of protection for the people of Yemen, Hunain, Maqna, Khabur, and contracts with the Majoos. These historical occurrences serve as valuable sources to understand the nuanced religious aspects affecting trade between Muslims and non-Muslims. The literature, including the books of Sihah e Sitta and other Seerah texts, contains numerous sayings affirming the permissibility of trading relations with non-Muslims. This paper aims to compile and elucidate the golden rules and regulations governing trade with non-Muslims, drawing insights from the treaties of the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. These treaties serve as a comprehensive roadmap for all human beings engaged in trade, providing guidance for conducting transactions within the ethical and legal framework of Islamic principles.