Discussions of Mughazi in Sunan Beyhaqi and the method and style of Imam Beyhaqi

Abstract

This study explores Imam Abu Bakr Ahmad al-Bayhaqi's (1013-1070 CE) treatment of the Prophet Muhammad's military expeditions (Maghazi) within his monumental collection of hadiths, Sunan al-Kubra. Maghazi refers to the historical accounts of the Prophet's leadership during various military campaigns undertaken by the early Muslim community. Analyzing Bayhaqi's discussions on these expeditions sheds light on his methodology for compiling hadiths and his unique stylistic approach. Bayhaqi's inclusion of Maghazi in Sunan al-Kubra goes beyond simply recording historical events. He integrates these narratives to serve as a rich source of legal and ethical guidance for Muslims. By presenting reports on the Prophet's decisions and strategies during wartime, Bayhaqi aims to establish precedents for future military conduct. He meticulously includes variant accounts of each expedition, allowing readers to assess the strength and reliability of each narration. This focus on multiple chains of transmission (isnad) reflects Bayhaqi's commitment to rigorous hadith scholarship. Furthermore, Bayhaqi's stylistic choices in presenting the Maghazi are examined. He often incorporates lengthy chains of transmission, detailed descriptions of battle formations, and discussions on the legitimacy of specific military actions. This detailed approach stands in contrast to other prominent hadith collections, which might present a more concise account of the expeditions. Bayhaqi's style reflects a desire for comprehensiveness and a nuanced understanding of the context surrounding each military event. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of Bayhaqi's discussions on Mughazi within Sunan al-Kubra. These discussions not only illuminate the historical context of the early Muslim community but also offer valuable insights into Bayhaqi's methodology and style as a hadith scholar. His meticulous approach to transmission chains, focus on legal and ethical implications, and detailed presentation set him apart from other hadith compilers.