Theory of Ijtihad and Taqlid of Shah Wali Allah (A Research Study in the Light of Uqd Al-Jeed)

Abstract

Shah Waliullah harnessed literature and education to propagate his message, dispatching numerous students upon completing his training to promote peace and harmony among Muslims. He meticulously documented hundreds of forgotten books on Sunnah, deeds, and sayings, contributing not only to religious guidance but also providing political leadership to the Muslim community. In contrast to pleasure-seeking religious leaders of the past, Shah Waliullah displayed profound insight, instigating a political awakening. His visionary approach offered tangible leadership, steering Muslims away from downfall. Despite the prevalent closure of independent thought (Ijtihad) by Muslim scholars, Shah Waliullah initiated an Islamic reformation, focusing on the moral, theological, and ethical revival of Muslim society and politics in the eighteenth century. While supporting a moderate stance in jurisprudential matters, he favored Qur'anic verses over Hadith in disputes, adopting a balanced interpretation of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Shah Waliullah criticized blind faith in Hadith and mindless imitation of medieval imams (Taqlid-e-Jamid) while advocating for the continued practice of ijtihad, emphasizing its relevance for those possessing the necessary skills in Islamic sciences. His commitment to updating Sharia to align with contemporary society further underscores his pivotal role in the Islamic reformation of the eighteenth century.