Common Elements in English Romānvī Tehrīk and Urdū Rūmānvī Tehrīk

Abstract

It is a fact universally acknowledged that literature has no boundaries. Literature of one country affects and is affected by the literature of other country. Even great movements of poetry and novel have common characteristics which can be traced. The world history of literature witnessed a movement which reshaped world literature. It was Romantic Movement in England in 1798 and subcontinent in 1890.Our objective is to trace the common elements of both these movements. We have selected the representative poets of these Movements. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley and Keats are the prominent and representative poets of English Movement. From Urdū Romantic Movement Jash Malih ʻAbadī, Akhter Sherānī, Abd al-Hāmid ʼAdam and Hafīz Jālandharī have a major contribution in Romantic poetry. All these poets remained true to their cause till death. Our research method is qualitative, narrative and comparative. The Original books of these poets are our primary source and for further analysis we selected books of  some eminent critics .We found that these poets have some come traits like love Nature and human beauty, patriotism, nostalgia ,escape from real life .imagination, simple diction ,portrait of village life, free verse ,supernaturalism and to call their beloveds by their names in their poetry .After the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 by Wordsworth and Coleridge, a new era of literature began. It broke the chains of outdated and traditional way of writing. It was a revolutionary movement primarily based on the ideas of great scholar Rousseau who stressed on the freedom of human being. This movement was hailed by all Europe. It effected even Urdū literature after the gape of ninety years. Urdū Romantic poets began to write on the pattern of English Romantic poets. We can easily trace the common elements of both these movements. They made new experiments not only in new subjects but also in diction and new language for poetry. It was a revolt against classicism. The classics was strict in observing rules and regulations in literature. They were in favor of proper rhyme scheme and metrical composition; The Romantics got the poetry freed from these so-called restrictions. They proved that Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings rather than only the representation of thoughts. They preferred the language of common people even of rugged for poetry. The world accepted and welcomed this new change and Romantic Movement entered the boundaries of other European countries.