The Past, Present, and Future of Urdu Marsiya: An Analytical Review

اردو مرثیے کا ماضی،حال اور مستقبل :تجزیاتی جائزہ

Abstract

Marsiya, derived from the Arabic "Ritha," means lamentation over the deceased. In literature, it refers to poetry expressing sorrow and reverence for Imam Hussein's martyrdom at Karbala. Historically, Marsiya had no specific structure, unlike other Urdu poetry forms. Initially, Marsiyas in Dakan (Deccan) were written in individual couplets like Ghazals. Mirza Rafiuddin Suda introduced the Musaddas structure, which became standard. Ashraf Bayabani wrote the first Urdu Marsiya, "Noserhar." Marsiya gained popularity in Dakan due to the Bahmani rulers' appreciation for poetry and Shia Islam. Notable Marsiya poets include Mir Dimir, Mir Khaliq, Mir Babar Ali Anis, Mirza Salamat Ali Dabeer, and Josh Malihabadi. Despite its importance, Urdu Marsiya has received limited attention. This article introduces Marsiya's history, evolution, structure, and prominent poets, highlighting its literary merit and emotional resonance. Marsiya's significance lies in conveying human sorrow and reverence. Its future depends on adapting to new themes and styles. Today, Marsiya continues to evolve, with modern poets exploring new possibilities and themes. Key Features of Marsiya include its elegiac tone, metaphors, and focus on Karbala's events. Urdu Marsiya remains integral to Urdu literature, providing a platform for poets to express emotions and pay tribute to Karbala's martyrs. Some notable modern Marsiya poets include Josh Malihabadi, Najm Aafari, Razm Rudaulvi, Naseem Amrohvi, and others. The article concludes that Urdu Marsiya has a rich history and continues to be an essential part of Urdu literature.