The state of Egypt in the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha and his efforts to move from backwardness to modernization

Abstract

When Muhammad Ali Pasha assumed leadership in Egypt, he encountered a landscape ravaged by poverty, ignorance, and disease. Determined to bring about a transformative change, he embarked on an ambitious mission to modernize Egypt's infrastructure and institutions. With unwavering dedication, he revolutionized the country's military, introduced fair labor laws, and initiated agricultural projects to stimulate economic growth. Recognizing the importance of education, he established schools for mathematics and military sciences, inviting European teachers to impart their knowledge. His efforts extended beyond domestic improvements; he fostered international exchange by sending students to Europe to broaden their understanding of arts and Islamic teachings. Through the establishment of armaments and ship factories and the translation of essential texts, Muhammad Ali Pasha laid the groundwork for a new era of prosperity and advancement in Egypt, leaving a lasting legacy of progress and innovation.