Conceptualizing the Opposition and Response of Political Parties to Zia ul Haq Martial Law in Pakistan

Abstract

In a democracy, the opposition plays a crucial role in maintaining accountability, checking the ruling influence, and avoiding misuse of that authority. The opposition during Zia ul Haq's imposition of martial law in Pakistan was characterized by tenacity, mobilization, and a dedication to reinstating democratic rule. Diverse political parties, prominent leaders, and dedicated activists played a crucial role in confronting the authoritarian regime established by Zia after the military coup in 1977. This research explores the concept of opposition, its nature and its role in the democratic system particularly in Pakistan. While dealing with its role in the history of Pakistan, it analyses the pattern, style and character of the Opposition in Pakistan. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the response of the main political parties towards Zia’s Martial Law in 1977 and particularly encapsulates the early response of the Opposition to the military regime.