Translation Strategies: A Case Study of Caroe and Howell’s Translations of Khushal Khan Khattak’s Pashto Poem, Khaist (Beauty)

Abstract

This research delves into the intricate process of translation, a nuanced endeavour involving the transfer of meaning and cultural nuances from one language to another. Utilizing the Newmark model, the study aims to unveil the translational strategies employed in representing culture-specific items. Drawing data from Khushal Khan Khattak's Pashto poems, specifically "Qismat," and its English translation, the research identifies and analyzes Culture-Specific Items in the Target Text. The findings underscore the prevalence of strategies like couplet and triplet usage, alongside others such as paraphrasing, compensation, functional equivalence, synonymy, descriptive equivalence, componential analysis, cultural equivalence, and modulation. Notably, these translational strategies exhibit a resilient nature. The research emphasizes the challenges faced by translators, particularly in the complex realm of literary translation, where conveying both meaning and aesthetic elements of the original text poses a demanding task for success in this intricate craft.